How do we prevent and treat an HIV-1 infection? Our immune system cannot beat an HIV-1 infection without help. If left untreated, the disease often proves fatal. The incredible progress in antiretroviral therapy over the past 40 years has improved the quality of life for people living with HIV-1, rendering the illness chronic instead of lethally cute. But can we cure HIV-1? And can we do so with a therapeutic and simultaneously preventive vaccine? Join me as I discuss major treatment and prevention approaches as well as recent advances in the search for an HIV-1cure.